
@article{leutnant_stormwater_2016,
	title = {Stormwater {Pollutant} {Process} {Analysis} with {Long}-{Term} {Online} {Monitoring} {Data} at {Micro}-{Scale} {Sites}},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {2073-4441},
	url = {http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/8/7/299},
	doi = {10.3390/w8070299},
	language = {en},
	number = {7},
	urldate = {2016-07-21},
	journal = {Water},
	author = {Leutnant, Dominik and Muschalla, Dirk and Uhl, Mathias},
	month = jul,
	year = {2016},
	note = {00000},
	pages = {299}
}

@book{gujer_systems_2008,
	address = {Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany},
	title = {Systems {Analysis} for {Water} {Technology}},
	isbn = {978-3-540-77277-4},
	shorttitle = {Systems {Analysis} for {Water} {Technology}},
	publisher = {Springer-Verlag},
	author = {Gujer, W.},
	year = {2008}
}

@article{bertrand-krajewski_distribution_1998,
	title = {Distribution of pollutant mass vs volume in stormwater discharges and the first flush phenomenon},
	volume = {32},
	shorttitle = {Distribution of pollutant mass vs volume in stormwater discharges and the first flush phenomenon},
	url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0032146023&partnerID=40&md5=d6517b6efa014bc12f3ae70abe71977d},
	number = {8},
	journal = {Water Research},
	author = {Bertrand-Krajewski, J. L. and Chebbo, G. and Saget, A.},
	year = {1998},
	keywords = {Combined sewer system, First flush, Pollutant load distribution, Separate sewer system, Storage and treatment tanks, Stormwater discharges, Suspended Solids},
	pages = {2341--2356}
}

@article{Munster_2020,
author = {Munster, Vincent J. and Koopmans, Marion and van Doremalen, Neeltje and van Riel, Debby and de Wit, Emmie},
title = {A Novel Coronavirus Emerging in China — Key Questions for Impact Assessment},
journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
volume = {382},
number = {8},
pages = {692-694},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.1056/NEJMp2000929},
    note ={PMID: 31978293},

URL = {
        https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2000929

},
eprint = {
        https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2000929

}

}

@article{Perlman_2020,
author = {Perlman, Stanley},
title = {Another Decade, Another Coronavirus},
journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
volume = {382},
number = {8},
pages = {760-762},
year = {2020},
doi = {10.1056/NEJMe2001126},
    note ={PMID: 31978944},

URL = {
        https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe2001126

},
eprint = {
        https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe2001126

}

}

@article{Liu_2020,
    author = {Liu, Ying and Gayle, Albert A and Wilder-Smith, Annelies and Rocklöv, Joacim},
    title = "{The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus}",
    journal = {Journal of Travel Medicine},
    volume = {27},
    number = {2},
    year = {2020},
    month = {02},
    issn = {1708-8305},
    doi = {10.1093/jtm/taaa021},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa021},
    note = {taaa021},
    eprint = {https://academic.oup.com/jtm/article-pdf/27/2/taaa021/32902430/taaa021.pdf},
}

@article{Joel_2020,
title = "Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts",
journal = "The Lancet Global Health",
volume = "8",
number = "4",
pages = "e488 - e496",
year = "2020",
issn = "2214-109X",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30074-7",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214109X20300747",
author = "Joel Hellewell and Sam Abbott and Amy Gimma and Nikos I Bosse and Christopher I Jarvis and Timothy W Russell and James D Munday and Adam J Kucharski and W John Edmunds and Fiona Sun and Stefan Flasche and Billy J Quilty and Nicholas Davies and Yang Liu and Samuel Clifford and Petra Klepac and Mark Jit and Charlie Diamond and Hamish Gibbs and Kevin {van Zandvoort} and Sebastian Funk and Rosalind M Eggo",
abstract = "Summary
Background
Isolation of cases and contact tracing is used to control outbreaks of infectious diseases, and has been used for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Whether this strategy will achieve control depends on characteristics of both the pathogen and the response. Here we use a mathematical model to assess if isolation and contact tracing are able to control onwards transmission from imported cases of COVID-19.
Methods
We developed a stochastic transmission model, parameterised to the COVID-19 outbreak. We used the model to quantify the potential effectiveness of contact tracing and isolation of cases at controlling a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-like pathogen. We considered scenarios that varied in the number of initial cases, the basic reproduction number (R0), the delay from symptom onset to isolation, the probability that contacts were traced, the proportion of transmission that occurred before symptom onset, and the proportion of subclinical infections. We assumed isolation prevented all further transmission in the model. Outbreaks were deemed controlled if transmission ended within 12 weeks or before 5000 cases in total. We measured the success of controlling outbreaks using isolation and contact tracing, and quantified the weekly maximum number of cases traced to measure feasibility of public health effort.
Findings
Simulated outbreaks starting with five initial cases, an R0 of 1·5, and 0% transmission before symptom onset could be controlled even with low contact tracing probability; however, the probability of controlling an outbreak decreased with the number of initial cases, when R0 was 2·5 or 3·5 and with more transmission before symptom onset. Across different initial numbers of cases, the majority of scenarios with an R0 of 1·5 were controllable with less than 50% of contacts successfully traced. To control the majority of outbreaks, for R0 of 2·5 more than 70% of contacts had to be traced, and for an R0 of 3·5 more than 90% of contacts had to be traced. The delay between symptom onset and isolation had the largest role in determining whether an outbreak was controllable when R0 was 1·5. For R0 values of 2·5 or 3·5, if there were 40 initial cases, contact tracing and isolation were only potentially feasible when less than 1% of transmission occurred before symptom onset.
Interpretation
In most scenarios, highly effective contact tracing and case isolation is enough to control a new outbreak of COVID-19 within 3 months. The probability of control decreases with long delays from symptom onset to isolation, fewer cases ascertained by contact tracing, and increasing transmission before symptoms. This model can be modified to reflect updated transmission characteristics and more specific definitions of outbreak control to assess the potential success of local response efforts.
Funding
Wellcome Trust, Global Challenges Research Fund, and Health Data Research UK."
}

@article{Tian_2020,
title = "Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing",
journal = "Journal of Infection",
volume = "80",
number = "4",
pages = "401 - 406",
year = "2020",
issn = "0163-4453",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.018",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445320301018",
author = "Sijia Tian and Nan Hu and Jing Lou and Kun Chen and Xuqin Kang and Zhenjun Xiang and Hui Chen and Dali Wang and Ning Liu and Dong Liu and Gang Chen and Yongliang Zhang and Dou Li and Jianren Li and Huixin Lian and Shengmei Niu and Luxi Zhang and Jinjun Zhang",
keywords = "COVID-19, 2019-nCoV, Characteristics, Beijing",
abstract = "Background
Since the first case of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection pneumonia was detected in Wuhan, China, a series of confirmed cases of the COVID-19 were found in Beijing. We analyzed the data of 262 confirmed cases to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Beijing.
Methods
We collected patients who were transferred by Beijing Emergency Medical Service to the designated hospitals. The information on demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory test for the COVID-19 virus, diagnostic classification, cluster case and outcome were obtained. Furthermore we compared the characteristics between severe and common confirmed cases which including mild cases, no-pneumonia cases and asymptomatic cases, and we also compared the features between COVID-19 and 2003 SARS.
Findings
By Feb 10, 2020, 262 patients were transferred from the hospitals across Beijing to the designated hospitals for special treatment of the COVID-19 infected by Beijing emergency medical service. Among of 262 patients, 46 (17.6%) were severe cases, 216 (82.4%) were common cases, which including 192 (73.3%) mild cases, 11(4.2%) non-pneumonia cases and 13 (5.0%) asymptomatic cases respectively. The median age of patients was 47.5 years old and 48.5% were male. 192 (73.3%) patients were residents of Beijing, 50 (26.0%) of which had been to Wuhan, 116 (60.4%) had close contact with confirmed cases, 21 (10.9%) had no contact history. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (82.1%), cough (45.8%), fatigue (26.3%), dyspnea (6.9%) and headache (6.5%). The median incubation period was 6.7 days, the interval time from between illness onset and seeing a doctor was 4.5 days. As of Feb 10, 17.2% patients have discharged and 81.7% patients remain in hospital in our study, the fatality of COVID-19 infection in Beijing was 0.9%.
Interpretation
On the basis of this study, we provided the ratio of the COVID-19 infection on the severe cases to the mild, asymptomatic and non-pneumonia cases in Beijing. Population was generally susceptible, and with a relatively low fatality rate. The measures to prevent transmission was very successful at early stage, the next steps on the COVID-19 infection should be focused on early isolation of patients and quarantine for close contacts in families and communities in Beijing.
Funding
Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Ministry of Science and Technology."
}

@article{Wu_2020,
    author = {Wu, Zunyou and McGoogan, Jennifer M.},
    title = "{Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72,314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention}",
    journal = {JAMA},
    volume = {323},
    number = {13},
    pages = {1239-1242},
    year = {2020},
    month = {04},
    abstract = "{The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention recently published the largest case series to date of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China (72,314 cases, updated through February 11, 2020). This Viewpoint summarizes key findings from this report and discusses emerging understanding of and lessons from the COVID-19 epidemic.}",
    issn = {0098-7484},
    doi = {10.1001/jama.2020.2648},
    url = {https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648},
    eprint = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/articlepdf/2762130/jama\_wu\_2020\_vp\_200028.pdf},
}

@article{Petrosillo_2020,
title = "COVID-19, SARS and MERS: are they closely related?",
journal = "Clinical Microbiology and Infection",
volume = "26",
number = "6",
pages = "729 - 734",
year = "2020",
issn = "1198-743X",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.026",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1198743X20301713",
author = "N. Petrosillo and G. Viceconte and O. Ergonul and G. Ippolito and E. Petersen",
keywords = "Coronavirus, COVID-19, Emerging infections, MERS, SARS",
abstract = "Background
The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a new human coronavirus which is spreading with epidemic features in China and other Asian countries; cases have also been reported worldwide. This novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with a respiratory illness that may lead to severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 shows some peculiar pathogenetic, epidemiological and clinical features which to date are not completely understood.
Aims
To provide a review of the differences in pathogenesis, epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19, SARS and MERS.
Sources
The most recent literature in the English language regarding COVID-19 has been reviewed, and extracted data have been compared with the current scientific evidence about SARS and MERS epidemics.
Content
COVID-19 seems not to be very different from SARS regarding its clinical features. However, it has a fatality rate of 2.3%, lower than that of SARS (9.5%) and much lower than that of MERS (34.4%). The possibility cannot be excluded that because of the less severe clinical picture of COVID-19 it can spread in the community more easily than MERS and SARS. The actual basic reproductive number (R0) of COVID-19 (2.0–2.5) is still controversial. It is probably slightly higher than the R0 of SARS (1.7–1.9) and higher than that of MERS (<1). A gastrointestinal route of transmission for SARS-CoV-2, which has been assumed for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, cannot be ruled out and needs further investigation.
Implications
There is still much more to know about COVID-19, especially as concerns mortality and its capacity to spread on a pandemic level. Nonetheless, all of the lessons we learned in the past from the SARS and MERS epidemics are the best cultural weapons with which to face this new global threat."
}

@article{Kooraki_2020,
title = "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: What the Department of Radiology Should Know",
journal = "Journal of the American College of Radiology",
volume = "17",
number = "4",
pages = "447 - 451",
year = "2020",
issn = "1546-1440",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacr.2020.02.008",
url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1546144020301502",
author = "Soheil Kooraki and Melina Hosseiny and Lee Myers and Ali Gholamrezanezhad",
keywords = "Coronavirus, COVID-19, pneumonia, infection control, safety",
abstract = "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China. Since then, this highly contagious COVID-19 has been spreading worldwide, with a rapid rise in the number of deaths. Novel COVID-19–infected pneumonia (NCIP) is characterized by fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea. A variety of chest imaging features have been reported, similar to those found in other types of coronavirus syndromes. The purpose of the present review is to briefly discuss the known epidemiology and the imaging findings of coronavirus syndromes, with a focus on the reported imaging findings of NCIP. Moreover, the authors review precautions and safety measures for radiology department personnel to manage patients with known or suspected NCIP. Implementation of a robust plan in the radiology department is required to prevent further transmission of the virus to patients and department staff members."
}
